HSEfor offshore:avulnerability for offshore major accident hazardassessmentEHContentsIntroduction3EHEstimation of harm-general issues:toxic agents●Probits(probit functions)likelihood of death(SLOD)/approaches used by HSE3EHS.com 3ESpecified level of toxicity-(SLOT)dangerous toxic load(DTL or significantEHImmediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH)conceptBlast overpressureDirect effects of blastIndirect effectsFragments3EHS.com 3EWhole body displacementThermal radiationPathological effects.com 3EHS.com 3EHS.com 3Ecom5.com 3EHS.com 3EEHThe thermal dose unitProbit functions for thermal dose estimationEffects of clothingSuggested thermal dose fatality criteriaHydrocarbon combustion productsEHSEH3EHS.conHSECarbon monoxideCarbon dioxideEHOxygen depletionToxic agents(gases,liquids or solids)Toxic gas effects(mainly NOx,NH3,SO2 and HF)Combination of hazardous exposures and estimation of impairmentEHEffects of other gasesHydrogen sulphideExposure to hydrocarbon vapoursSmoke obscuration of visionHypothermiam3EHS.com 3EEHS.com 3EIntroduction1This appendix provides a summary of information relating to the effects of thehazards offshore personnel may be exposed to in the event of an incident and isintended for use in the preparation and evaluation of risk assessments2 In the assessment of survivability or fatality probability,during a major accident onan offshore or onshore installation,it is important to take into account the followingfactors:EHS.corInformation prior to fire(alarms)3EHS.com 3E3EDevelopment of incidentsReaction times of personnelEmergency procedures and preparednessEscape time and distance to safetyType of hazard(toxic gas,thermal radiation,blast etc.)Protection and attenuation effects(i.e.shielding or reflection)Harm levels as a function of time(dose)Total exposure time(accumulated dose)BEHS.Other critical aspects like visibility,toxic gases,explosion loads etcO